Urban heat

An integrated urban heat island metric combining surface and canopy signals: evidence from 13 Japanese cities

Explainable AI for targeted green infrastructure allocation: A predictive framework for urban heat island mitigation

Can improving ecological quality of existing blue-green space mitigate population heat exposure? Evidence from causal inference in a humid coastal subtropical area

Assessing the role of green infrastructure inequality in heat exposure mitigation across urban–rural gradients

Forecasting Urban Heat Island hotspots using spatially aware machine learning: Explainable multi-model prediction with spatial validation and uncertainty analysis

Extending Urban Thermal Signal Downscaling Across Europe

The Role of Understory Vegetation in Addressing Urban Heat Island Effects in Kansas City, MO

Vegetation Mitigation of Surface Urban Heat Islands in Three South American Cities: A Multi-Method Analysis

Development of a spatial vulnerability index for day–night compound heatwaves and exploration of mechanisms underlying heterogeneity: Township-scale evidence from Anhui Province, China

Nonlinear and heterogeneous effects of 2D/3D factors on global urban heat island using explainable spatial machine learning

Global patterns of urban heat shaped by climate and morphology

Separates the heat-island contribution of background climate from that of surrounding urban form across 2,213 cities and projects how each will change.

Trees halve urban heat island effect globally but unequal benefits only modestly mitigate climate-change warming

A global estimate of how much existing urban tree canopy lowers air temperature in 8,919 large cities, and how far trees can offset future climate warming.