Sidewalk quality assessment using continuous pedestrian movement factors

Source abstract

Sidewalk Quality of Service (QoS) is often assessed using geometric and flow-based measures, yet pedestrian experience is also shaped by interaction conflicts, environmental exposure, and user diversity. This study develops and validates a Continuous Pedestrian Movement (CpM) based framework that evaluates sidewalk QoS through three latent dimensions, mobility, conflict, and climate, using a statistically grounded, user-centred model. Field surveys across multiple sidewalk segments collected pedestrian satisfaction and importance ratings for 12 continuity-related factors. Principal Axis Factoring and Exploratory Factor Analysis were used for construct screening, followed by Structural Equation Modelling to derive empirical factor weights. Normalized weighted aggregation produced segment-level QoS – CpM scores, with cross-validation and subgroup checks used to test robustness. Results indicate that mobility factors have the strongest influence on perceived QoS but conflict and climate factors add significant explanatory value. Segments meeting dimensional standards scored lower where encroachment, modal interference, and exposure conditions disrupted continuous movement, showing limits of capacity-only approaches. Model weights were stable across validation samples and user subgroups. The framework extends CpM and PLOS research by integrating continuity, disruption, and perception within a reproducible QoS model. The resulting factor- and parameter-level outputs support diagnostic evaluation and targeted sidewalk improvement prioritization for more inclusive pedestrian environments.